【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforWaterConservationinBuildingsThroughIn-SituWaterReclamation
【原文标准名称】:通过在原址对水的再利用保护水资源的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME2635-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E60.01
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:building;greenbuilding;reclaimedwater;sustainability;sustainablebuilding;waterconservation;waterreuse;waterstewardship
【摘要】:General8212;Astheworldx2019;spopulationincreases,sodoestheneedforwatertomeetvariousneeds,aswellastheneedtomanagewastewater.Alreadyacceptedandendorsedbythepublicinmanyurbanandagriculturalareas,properlyimplementednonpotablewaterreuseprojectscanhelpcommunitiesmeetwaterdemandandsupplychallengeswithoutanyknownsignificanthealthrisks.Manycommunitiesthroughouttheworldareapproaching,orhavealreadyreached,thelimitsoftheiravailablewatersupplies;waterreusehasbecomenecessaryforconservingandextendingavailablewatersupplies.Wheretheavailabilityofwaterlimitsdevelopment,waterreusecanfacilitatesocialandeconomicdevelopmentalneedsinanenvironmentallyresponsiblemanner.Manycommunitiesarealsoapproaching,orhavealreadyreached,thelimitofavailablewatertreatmentfacilities.Newfacilitiesandinfrastructurearecostly.In-situwaterreusereducesloadoncommunitywastewaterfacilities.Additionally,manycommunitiesfaceincreasedsecurityissuesinsafeguardingwatersourcesandtreatment.In-situsystemsprovideforredundanciesanddiversifiedsystemsthatdecreasesecurityissuesassociatedwithcentralizedfacilities.SustainableDevelopment8212;ThispracticeisconsistentwiththegeneralprinciplesforsustainabilityrelativetobuildingasidentifiedinGuideE2432.Itaddressestheenvironmental,economic,andsocialprinciplesasfollows:Environmental8212;Waterisanaturalresource.Sustainableuseofnaturalresourcesrequiresthattheresourceisutilizedefficientlyandinamannerthatpreservesorenhancesthequalityofthatresourceanddoesnotadverselyalterthebalancebetweentherenewableresourceandtherateofconsumptionforbuilding-relatedpurposes.Utilizationoftechnologies,suchasin-situwaterreclamationsystemsthathelpconservewaterenablemoresustainableuseofwaterthanstandardconstruction.Economic:DirectCosts/Benefits8212;Directcost/benefitsincludefirstcosts/benefitsaswellasoperatingcosts/benefitssuchas:utilitycosts,maintenanceandrepaircosts,andcostsassociatedwithreplacementofcomponentmaterialsandsystems.Utilizationoftechnologies,suchasin-situwaterreclamationsystemsthathelpreducebuildingdemandforpotablewatercanreduceutilitycostsandpreventmoratoriumsonnewconstruction.IndirectCost/Benefits8212;Sustainablebuildingpracticesseektoidentifyassociatedexternalcosts/benefits,minimizeassociatedexternalcosts,andmaximizeexternalbenefits.Utilizationoftechnologies,suchasin-situwaterreclamationsystemsthathelpreducetheamountofwastewaterdischargefromabuildingreducedemandsonmunicipalwaterinfrastructure.Thisincludescostsforcentralizedtreatmentanddistribution.Significantenergyisexpendedfortreatmentanddistributionofwater.Forexample,inCalifornia,anestimated19%ofelectricity,32%ofnaturalgasconsumption,and88billiongallonsofdieselfuelannuallypowerthetreatmentanddistributionofwaterandwastewater.Note18212;TheFinalReportincludesTable1x2013;2:RangeofEnergyIntensitiesforWaterUseCycleSegments,below:RangeofEnergyIntensity,kWh......